Making Self-Driving Cars More Human-Like with Emotion-Sensing AI

Zhejiang University researchers developed comprehensive rules for cars that use AI to read and respond to human emotions, according to a 2025 study published in The Innovation. The scientists created a three-part management system requiring transparency, ethical constraints, and flexible legal responsibility across automation levels to address safety risks and prevent emotional manipulation as vehicles gain emotion-sensing capabilities.​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​